Serial Cables Serial connection cables Features and Benefits. Extend the transmission distance of serial signals Introduction Moxa’s serial cables extend the transmission distance for your multiport serial cards. It also expands the serial com ports for a serial connection. Pin Assignments. 13 Prohibited forward ( When offset is set) Set the offset value to zero, or move the frame by a distance of offset and move the frame. 16 Tape format 5 is selected although no designs Save design to memory are stored in memory. 17 After 30 designs have been stored in memory, Only 30 designs can be stored in memory. Remove unnecessary designs. Jan 17, 2020 Check connection of reader cable. 11: Data set incomplete: After properly setting data, start again. 12: Excessive stitch back: Stitch back is possible up to 71 stitches for tape operation and starting point for memory designs. 13: Prohibited forward ( When offset is set) Set the offset value to zero, or move the frame by a distance of offset.
- Tajima Serial Connection Distance Calculator
- Rs232 Serial Connection
- What Is A Serial Connection
- Series And Parallel Connection
- Tajima Serial Connection Distance Chart
You will learn how to interface Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 with Arduino. It can be an Ultrasonic Range Sensor or any purposes.
- 106,075 views
- 4 comments
- 31 respects
Components and supplies
| × | 1 | ||
| × | 1 | ||
| × | 1 | ||
| × | 4 | ||
| × | 1 |
Necessary tools and machines
|
Apps and online services
|
About this project
Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 is a sensor that can measure distance. It emits an ultrasound at 40 000 Hz (40kHz) which travels through the air and if there is an object or obstacle on its path It will bounce back to the module. Considering the travel time and the speed of the sound you can calculate the distance.
The configuration pin of HC-SR04 is VCC (1), TRIG (2), ECHO (3), and GND (4). The supply voltage of VCC is +5V and you can attach TRIG and ECHO pin to any Digital I/O in your Arduino Board.
The materials that we need to make this project:
1. Arduino UNO R3 CH340 (you can use any Arduino Boards)
2. Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
3. Male to Male Jumper Wires
4. Breadboard
The connection of Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
In order to generate the ultrasound we need to set the Trigger Pin on a High State for 10 µs. That will send out an 8 cycle sonic burst which will travel at the speed sound and it will be received in the Echo Pin. The Echo Pin will output the time in microseconds the sound wave traveled.
For example, if the object is 20 cm away from the sensor, and the speed of the sound is 340 m/s or 0.034 cm/µs the sound wave will need to travel about 588 microseconds. But what you will get from the Echo pin will be double that number because the sound wave needs to travel forward and bounce backward. So in order to get the distance in cm we need to multiply the received travel time value from the echo pin by 0.034 and divide it by 2.
For the programming code, first we need to define the Trigger Pin and Echo Pin that connected to Arduino board. In this project EchoPin is attached to D2 and TrigPin to D3. Then define variables for the distance (int) and duration (long).
In the loop first you have to make sure that the trigPin is clear so we have to set that pin on a LOW State for just 2 µs. Now for generating the ultrasound wave we have to set the trigPin on HIGH State for 10 µs. Using the pulseIn()function you have to read the travel time and put that value into the variable “duration”. This function has 2 parameters, the first one is the name of the echo pin and for the second one you can write either HIGH or LOW. In this case, HIGH means that the pulseIn() function will wait for the pin to go HIGH caused by the bounced sound wave and it will start timing, then it will wait for the pin to go LOW when the sound wave will end which will stop the timing. At the end the function will return the length of the pulse in microseconds. For getting the distance we will multiply the duration by 0.034 and divide it by 2 as we explained this equation previously. At the end we will print the value of the distance on the Serial Monitor.
Steps :
1. First do the wiring as shown in the picture
2. Open Arduino IDE Software and write down your code, or download the code below and open it
3. Choose your own Arduino board (in this case Arduino Uno), by selecting Tools > Board > Arduino/Geniuno Uno
4. Choose your COM Port (usually it appears only one existing port), Tools > Port > COM. (If there are more than one ports, try it one by one)
5. Upload your code by pressing Ctrl + U or Sketch > Upload
6. To display the measurement data you can use Serial Monitor by pressing Ctrl + Shift + M (make sure that the baudrate speed is 9600)
Results:
After uploading the code, display the data with Serial Monitor. Now try to give an object in front of the sensor and see the measurement.
Tajima Serial Connection Distance Calculator
For the consideration, you can use your manual tape meter to measure the distance and compare it with the distance on Serial Monitor. If you want to display it on LCD, you can follow the second wiring diagram and upload the code below.
Code
Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 with Arduino Code for Ranging TestC/C++
Write your code in Arduino IDE Software, save it. Select the port (i.e COM3) and choose your Arduino board type (i.e Arduino Uno / Genuino) then compile it to your Arduino.
Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 with Arduino and LCD CodeC/C++
If you want to display it on LCD, use this code and another wiring diagram (file included)
Schematics
uploads2ftmp2f94ff143c-17e9-43c4-8eb0-840121a648b82farduinohc-sr04_AXHYqJubMg.fzz
uploads2ftmp2f127eafbc-218a-42ff-85d3-fa4d0d7c6ca72farduinohc-sr04lcd_agQFBGr7rl.fzz
Author
Arbi Abdul Jabbaar
- 2 projects
- 0 followers
Published on
September 17, 2019Write a comment
Members who respect this project
and 24 others
See similar projectsyou might like
Table of contents
Write a comment
RS-422 | |
---|---|
Standard | TIA/EIA-422 |
Physical Media | Twisted Pair |
Network Topology | Point-to-point, Multi-dropped |
Maximum Devices | 10 (1 driver & 10 receivers) |
Maximum Distance | 1500 metres (4,900 ft) |
Mode of Operation | Differential |
Maximum Binary Rate | 100 kbit/s – 10 Mbit/s |
Voltage Levels | −6V to +6V (maximum differential Voltage) |
Mark (1) | Negative Voltages |
Space (0) | Positive voltages |
Available Signals | Tx+, Tx-, Rx+, Rx- (Full Duplex) |
Connector types | Not specified |
RS-422, also known as TIA/EIA-422, is a technical standard originated by the Electronic Industries Alliance that specifies electrical characteristics of a digital signaling circuit. It was intended to replace the older RS-232C standard with a standard that offered much higher speed, better immunity from noise, and longer cable lengths. RS-422 systems can transmit data at rates as high as 10 Mbit/s, or may be sent on cables as long as 1,500 meters at lower rates. It is closely related to RS-423, which used the same signaling systems but on a different wiring arrangement.
![Tajima Tajima](/uploads/1/1/9/5/119566470/908985045.jpg)
RS-422 specifies differential signaling, with every data line paired with a dedicated return line. It is the voltage difference between these two lines that define the mark and space, rather than, as in RS-232, the difference in voltage between a data line and a local ground. As the ground voltage can differ at either end of the cable, this required RS-232 to use large +5 and -5 voltages. Moving to dedicated return lines and always defining ground in reference to the sender allowed RS-422 to use 0.4 V, allowing it to run at much higher speeds. RS-423 differed primarily in that it had a single return pin instead of one for each data pin.
RS-422 and RS-423 had originally planned to use the same DB25 connector as RS-232, but over time the number of required pins grew and the standards split out the definition into the RS-449 effort. This produced an unwieldy system and later returned to DB25 in the RS-530 standard.[citation needed]
Standard scope[edit]
RS-422 is the common short form title of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard ANSI/TIA/EIA-422-B Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Differential Interface Circuits and its international equivalentITU-T Recommendation T-REC-V.11,[1] also known as X.27. These technical standards specify the electrical characteristics of the balanced voltage digital interface circuit.[2] RS-422 provides for data transmission, using balanced, or differential, signaling, with unidirectional/non-reversible, terminated or non-terminated transmission lines, point to point, or multi-drop. In contrast to EIA-485, RS-422/V.11 does not allow multiple drivers but only multiple receivers.
The first version of RS-422 was issued in 1975,[3] with revision A issued in December 1978. Revision B, published in May 1994 was reaffirmed by the Telecommunications Industry Association in 2005.
Characteristics[edit]
Data Rate / Line Length chart from RS-422 Annex A
Several key advantages offered by this standard include the differential receiver, a differential driver and data rates as high as 10 Megabits per second at 12 meters (40 ft). Since the signal quality degrades with cable length, the maximum data rate decreases as cable length increases. Figure A.1 in the annex plotting this stops at 10 Mbit/s.
The maximum cable length is not specified in the standard, but guidance is given in its annex. (This annex is not a formal part of the standard, but is included for information purposes only.) Limitations on line length and data rate varies with the parameters of the cable length, balance, and termination, as well as the individual installation. Figure A.1 shows a maximum length of 1200 meters, but this is with a termination and the annex discusses the fact that many applications can tolerate greater timing and amplitude distortion, and that experience has shown that the cable length may be extended to several kilometers. Conservative maximum data rates with 24AWG UTP (POTS) cable are 10 Mbit/s at 12 m to 90 kbit/s at 1200 m as shown in the figure A.1. This figure is a conservative guide based on empirical data, not a limit imposed by the standard.
RS-422-423 449 pinout
RS-422 specifies the electrical characteristics of a single balanced signal. The standard was written to be referenced by other standards that specify the complete DTE/DCE interface for applications which require a balanced voltage circuit to transmit data. These other standards would define protocols, connectors, pin assignments and functions. Standards such as EIA-530 (DB-25 connector) and EIA-449 (DC-37 connector) use RS-422 electrical signals. Some RS-422 devices have 4 screw terminals for pairs of wire, with one pair used for data in each direction.
RS-422 cannot implement a true multi-point communications network such as with EIA-485 since there can be only one driver on each pair of wires. However one driver can fan-out to up to ten receivers.
RS-422 can interoperate with interfaces designed to MIL-STD-188-114B, but they are not identical. RS-422 uses a nominal 0 to 5 volt signal while MIL-STD-188-114B uses a signal symmetric about 0 V. However the tolerance for common mode voltage in both specifications allows them to interoperate. Care must be taken with the termination network.
EIA-423 is a similar specification for unbalanced signaling (RS-423).
Rs232 Serial Connection
When used in relation to communications wiring, RS-422 wiring refers to cable made of 2 sets of twisted pair, often with each pair being shielded, and a ground wire. While a double pair cable may be practical for many RS-422 applications, the RS-422 specification only defines one signal path and does not assign any function to it. Any complete cable assembly with connectors should be labeled with the specification that defined the signal function and mechanical layout of the connector, such as RS-449.
What Is A Serial Connection
Applications[edit]
The most widespread use of RS-422 was on the early Macintosh computers. This was implemented in a multi-pin connector that had enough pins to support the majority of the common RS-232 pins; the first models used a 9-pin D connector, but this was quickly replaced by a mini-DIN-8 connector. The ports could be put into either RS-232 or RS-422 mode, which changed the behavior of some of the pins while turning others on or off completely. These connectors were used both to support RS-232 devices like modems, as well as AppleTalk networking, RS-422 printers, and other peripherals. Two such ports were part of every Mac until they were replaced, along with ADB ports, by Universal Serial Bus on the iMac in 1998.
RS-422 is a common transport mechanism for RS-232 extenders. These consist of RS-232 ports on either end of an RS-422 connection.
Before hard disk based playout and editing systems were used, broadcast automation systems and post-productionlinear editing facilities used RS-422A to remotely control the players/recorders located in the central apparatus room. In most cases the Sony 9-pin connection was used, which makes use of a DE-9 connector. This is the de facto industry standard connector for RS-422, which is still found on much broadcast equipment today.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
This article is based on material taken from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the 'relicensing' terms of the GFDL, version 1.3 or later.
- ^http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-V.11/en V.11 ITU Recommendation T-REC-V.11
- ^TIA/EIA STANDARD, Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Digital Interface Circuits, TIA/EIA-422-B, May 1994
- ^Douglas A. Cassell, Microcomputers and Modern Control Engineering, Reston Publishing Company, 1983 ISBN0835943658 page 569
Series And Parallel Connection
External links[edit]
Tajima Serial Connection Distance Chart
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Programming:Serial Data Communications |
- National Semiconductor Application Note AN-1031 'TIA/EIA-422-B Overview', January 2000, National Semiconductor Inc., retrieved from [1]
- National Semiconductor Application Note AN-759 'Comparing EIA-485 and EIA-422-A Line Drivers and Receivers in Multipoint Applications', February 1991, National Semiconductor Inc., retrieved from [2]
- National Semiconductor Application Note AN-214 'Transmission Line Drivers and Receivers or TIA/EIA Standards RS-422 and RS-423' August 1993, National Semiconductor Inc., retrieved from [3]
- Maxim IC Application Note 723 'Selecting and Using RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 Serial Data Standards' Dec 2000, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc., retrieved from [4][5]
- Texas Instruments Application Report '422 and 485 Standards Overview and System Configurations' June 2002, Texas Instruments, retrieved from [6]
- Texas Instruments Application Report SLLA067B 'Comparing Bus Solutions' October 2009, Texas Instruments, retrieved from [7]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RS-422&oldid=984083096'